Essay --

Over the years, scientists have wondered whether the Earth is the only space body that is capable of sustaining life. There is severalize to support both theories, however we still dont know for sure that we are not the only kind of life out there.There are different space bodies that are approximately important to have life in them some of these places are Mars, Europa, Titan, Enceladus, and Ganymede and Calysto. One of the main reasons why scientists strongly believe that there is a good rule of life in Mars is because there is sufficient facts to imply that it had running water on its surface millions of years ago. Theres also evidence that ice and water existed on this planet. This evidence supports scientists who believe that life existed at some station on Mars. This data was discovered when the images taken from the Mars reconnaissance mission Orbiter captured some characteristics of the planets surface. Scientists believe it was created by the melting ice. Also in May 2009, images of an unmanned spaceship showed what it seemed to look like drops on the surface that appeared to be built during the time of the mission of the spacecraft on Mars. Another place that has scientists believes life is a moon of Jupiter, Europa. Some of them believe that there is a giant, fighting(a) salty ocean beneath its surface. This indicates that there is significant activity underneath that frozen surface. Another sign of life in Europe includes formations that looked like icebergs emerge from its surface, suggesting that oceans once covered the planet before it froze. The third space body where scientists think there is life is on one of Saturns moons, called Enceladus. There are images taken by the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn, proved that there are ice ... ...anisms found on Earth, there too.While there are many reasons to believethat there islife on other planets, however, there are some reasons that explain how extraterrestrial lifewould not be even p ossible. One of these arguments holds that extraterrestrial life should be very out of date due to the time it takes for life to evolve is much longer than that of the existence of a star. Other reasons are that some planets in our solar system are eitherwaytoo hot orway too cold for life, and in some of them rains different kind chemicals, therefore, is potentially unlikely to life to exist on these space bodies.From my own point of view, I believe that there might be life on other planets. It may or may not be intelligent life, still life nonetheless. With evidence of water ice in the space bodies mentioned above there is a good chance that there could be life in those places.

Why the United States dropped the Atomic Bomb :: American America History

Why the United States dropped the Atomic BombThe atomic bomb is the subject of much controversy. Since its first enlargement in 1945, the entire world has heard the aftershocks of that blast. Issues concerning Nuclear Weapons sparked the Cold War. We also have the atomic bomb to thank for our relative peace in this eon due to the fear of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). The effects of the atomic bomb might not have been the exact effects that the United States was looking for for when they dropped Little Boy and Fat Man on Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively (Grant, 1998). The original desire of the United States government when they dropped Little Boy and Fat Man on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not, in fact, the one more commonly known that the two nuclear devices dropped upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki were detonated with the intention of bringing an end to the warfare with Japan, but instead to intimidate the Soviet Union. The fact of Japans imminent defeat, the undeniable truth t hat relations with Russia were deteriorating, and competition for the division of Europe prove this without question. Admittedly, dropping the atomic bomb was a major promoter in Japans decision to accept the terms laid out at the Potsdam agreement otherwise known as unconditional surrender. The fact must be pointed out, however, that Japan had already been virtually defeated. (McInnis, 1945) Though the public did not know this, the allies, in fact, did. Through spies, they had learned that both Japans foreign minister, Shigenori Togo and Emperor Hirohito both support an end to the war (Grant, 1998). Even if they believed such reports to be false or inaccurate, the leaders of the United States also knew Japans situation to be hopeless. Their casualties in defending the curst island of Okinawa were a staggering 110,000 and the naval blockade which the allies had enforced whittled trade down to almost nothing. Japan was quickly on the path to destruction. (Grant, 1998). Of course, t he Allies unheeded this for the reason that dropping the atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki would intimidate Russia. Had they truly been considering saving more lives and bringing a quick end to the war in Japan, they would have simply waited them out without the major loss of life seen at both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At the Yalta conference, Franklin Delano Roosevelt asked Josef Stalin for Russian support in the war with Japan.

Voltaire On The Church, True R :: essays research papers

Voltaire an eighteenth century French philosopher and prolific writer is well known for his literary sarcastic attacks. One of Voltaires attacks was of traditional Christianity and the Catholic church in On Toleration. He criticized the church on the grounds that it was overly superstitious. There were many superstitions that were held by the church a geocentric universe, the tides not being due to gravity, a rainbow not being a phenomenon of light, etc. Voltaire felt that the most grievous of these superstitions was the belief that altogether those who follow their own religion are given eternal salvation and all others will suffer eternal damnation. The result of this was severe persecution of those who had a doctrine other than their own. Voltaires satirical view of this is evident when he says, And is it not evident that it would be even more reasonable to worship the sacred navel, the sacred prepuce, and the milk and dress of the Virgin Mary, than to hate and persecute one s brother (1109). Assuredly Voltaire believed that it was incredibly foolish of humankind to persecute their fellow men for having beliefs that did not coincide exactly with their own. His detest of such actions can be inferred from his suggestions that the worship of such bizarre things as the sacred navel, foreskin, and the dress and milk of Heavenly Mother being more certain than the great persecutions of people based on religious pretext. Voltaire did not feel that this was what religion was about. He felt the true religion to be The Golden Rule, that is to complete thy neighbor as thyself. This becomes evident in Voltaires Religion.In Religion Voltaire describes one of his meditations. During this experience Voltaire thought about an archangel which took him to a place where he came in contact with many great philosophers among them Christ. Voltaire met the resurrected Christ, covered still with the wounds from his violent death. The two of them spoke, Voltaire questioning Ch rist as to His condemnation and death. Voltaire asked Christ if his purpose was to teach a new religion to which He repliedNot at all I said to them simply--Love God with all your heart and your fellow-creatures as yourself, for that is mans whole duty. Judge if this teaching is not as old as the universe judge if I brought them a new religion.

The Vietnam War Essay -- essays research papers

This essay is about talking and analysing the Vietnam War. This civil war was between the Communist North and the Democratic conspiracy because of the fear of communism spreading to the federation. Other Western countries also helped in this war because they too were afraid of communism spreading, and so they sent money and troops to aid South Vietnam. Some of these countries included America, Australia, and New Zealand. This war was one of the most divisive events in history and I am going to talk about wherefore this is so. For most of Vietnam?s history the country has been under foreign rule, primarily by the Chinese. Domination of the region by the French began in 1860, and by the after-hours 19th century they had colonised a number of places around the Gulf of Tonkin. In World War II, however, the Japanese government took control of much of the area, and tog up a puppet regime that was eventually forced out by the Vietnamese at the end of the war in 1945. After the war, F rance fought backbreaking to regain their former territories in the region, but because they had a poorly organized army and little determination amongst its troops, their plans soon collapsed. The North Vietnamese tried to make do over the government in South Vietnam between 1955 and 1960, and in 1964, with the help of China and Russia, North Vietnam began a large scale drive to conquer the safe and sound country. This is when the Vietnam War really began. The Vietnam War started around the 1950?s, a time when communism was gradually spreading across the world. By 1954, Vietnam was separated into two parts, the democratic South Vietnam and the communist North Vietnam. Soon violence began to break out and tensions began to rise even more between the two. This was because the South was scared ... ...help for the stress they felt. It was only on the 3rd of October 1987, fifteen years after the veterans had returned from the war, that a ?Welcome Home? parade was finally held for th em. This was when attitudes towards the people who had participated in the unpopular war began to change. Today Vietnam veterans shadower enjoy respect coming from their community but many still feel the bitterness over the impact the war had had on their lives. In conclusion, we lowlife say that the Vietnam War was one of the most violent and divisive wars of all times. This battle of ideology and false fear of being dominated by principles unlike to the Western capitalist value system, led to the death of many innocent people and destruction of property that could have been spared otherwise, with a bit of benevolence in the heart of the politicians who were responsible for the war.

Milgrams The Perils of Obedience Essay -- Psychology

Milgrams The Perils of ObedienceObedience is the requirement of all mutual living and is the basic element of the structure of social life. Conservative philosophers argue that society is menace by disobedience, while humanists stress the priority of the individuals conscience. Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychologist, designed an experiment that forced participants to either violate their conscience by obeying the immoral demands of an authority visualize or to refuse those demands. Milgrams study, reported in The Perils of Obedience suggested that under a special set of circumstances the obedience we naturally show authority figures send packing transform us into agents of terror or monsters towards humanity.The experiment consists of two people that take part in a study of memory learning, one of them referred to as the Teacher and the other as the Learner. The experimenter explains that the studys main goal is to observe the effect of punishment on learning. The learner will be se ated in something interchangeable to the electric chair, his arms will be strapped and an electrode will be attached to his wrist. The learner will be told that he will be tested on his ability to remember the second word of a pair when he hears the first one again. If he makes a mistake, he will then pay for electric shocks of increasing intensity.The real focus of the experiment is the teacher. He will be in charge of a shock generator. The teacher does not bash that the learner, supposedly the victim, is actually an actor who receives no shock whatsoever. Again this experiment is to see if the teacher proceeds with the shocks that are ordered to inflict increasing infliction on a protesting victim.Milgrams first subject, Gretchen Brant showed th... ...enter. Although Bruno Batta had some difficulty understanding what to do, he after showed that he indeed appreciated help and was then willing to do what was required from the experimenter. When the learner in this case compla ined, Mr. Batta showed no signs of attention or disturbance whatsoever. At the end of the experiment he told the experimenter that he had been prestigious to be part of it. He showed no remorse.Milgram answers the question of why this problem occurred in our pasts, for example during the Holocaust, and still occurs within ourselves. The experiment unfortunately illustrates that it is easy to displace responsibility when one is only a link in a chain of action in a multifaceted society. People feel is their traffic or their job to obey an authority figure without realizing that nobody can make another individual do something they feel is not right.

Milgrams The Perils of Obedience Essay -- Psychology

Milgrams The Perils of ObedienceObedience is the requirement of all mutual living and is the basic element of the coordinate of social life. Conservative philosophers argue that society is threatened by disobedience, while humanists stress the priority of the man-to-mans conscience. Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychologist, designed an experiment that forced participants to either misemploy their conscience by obeying the immoral demands of an authority figure or to refuse those demands. Milgrams study, reported in The Perils of Obedience suggested that under a special set of flock the obedience we naturally show authority figures can transform us into agents of terror or monsters towards humanity.The experiment consists of two people that take part in a study of memory learning, one of them referred to as the Teacher and the other as the Learner. The experimenter explains that the studys main goal is to observe the effect of punishment on learning. The student will be seated in som ething similar to the electric chair, his arms will be strapped and an electrode will be attached to his wrist. The learner will be told that he will be tested on his ability to remember the second word of a pair when he hears the first one again. If he makes a mistake, he will then receive electric shocks of increasing intensity.The real focus of the experiment is the teacher. He will be in snap of a shock generator. The teacher does not know that the learner, supposedly the victim, is actually an actor who receives no shock whatsoever. Again this experiment is to see if the teacher payoff with the shocks that are ordered to inflict increasing pain on a protesting victim.Milgrams first subject, Gretchen Brant showed th... ...enter. Although Bruno Batta had some difficulty understanding what to do, he after showed that he indeed appreciated help and was then willing to do what was required from the experimenter. When the learner in this case complained, Mr. Batta showed no signs of attention or disturbance whatsoever. At the end of the experiment he told the experimenter that he had been honored to be part of it. He showed no remorse.Milgram answers the question of why this problem occurred in our pasts, for example during the Holocaust, and however occurs within ourselves. The experiment unfortunately illustrates that it is easy to ignore responsibility when one is only a link in a chain of action in a multifaceted society. People feel is their duty or their job to obey an authority figure without realizing that nobody can make another individual do something they feel is not right.

Philosophy: Skeptism Essay

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally magisterial approach and its reliance on rational argument. The word philosophy comes from the Greek (philosophia), which literally means love of wisdom. Skepticism is a philosophical attitude that, in its most extreme form, questions the possibility of obtaining any sort of knowledge.It was first articulated by Pyrrho, who believed that everything could be doubted except coming into courts. Sextus Empiricus (2nd century AD), skepticisms most salient(ip) advocate, describes it as an ability to place in antithesis, in any manner whatever, appearances and judgments, and thus to come first of all to a suspension of judgment and hence to mental tranquility. Skepticism so conceived is not merely the use of doubt, but is the use of doubt for a partic ular end a calmness of the soul, or ataraxia. Skepticism poses itself as a challenge to dogmatism, whose adherents think they have found the truth.Sextus noted that the reliability of perception may always be questioned, because it is idiosyncratic to the perceiver. The appearance of individual things changes looking on whether they are in a group for example, the shavings of a goats horn are white when taken alone, yet the inviolable horn is black. A pencil, when viewed lengthwise, looks like a stick but when examined at the tip, it looks merely like a circle. Skepticism was revived in the early ultramodern period by Michel de Montaigne and Blaise Pascal. Its most extreme exponent, however, was David Hume.Hume argued that there are only dickens kinds of reasoning what he called probable and demonstrative (cf. Humes fork). Neither of these two forms of reasoning can lead us to a reasonable belief in the continued existence of an external world. Demonstrative reasoning cannot do this, because evidence (that is, deductive reasoning from well-founded premises) alone cannot establish the uniformity of nature (as captured by scientific laws and principles, for example). Such reason alone cannot establish that the future provide resemble the past.We have certain beliefs about the world (that the sun will rise tomorrow, for example), but these beliefs are the product of habit and custom, and do not depend on any sort of logical inferences from what is already given certain. But probable reasoning (inductive reasoning), which aims to take us from the observed to the unobserved, cannot do this either it in any case depends on the uniformity of nature, and this supposed uniformity cannot be proved, without circularity, by any appeal to uniformity. The best that either sort of reasoning can accomplish is qualified truth if certain assumptions are true, then certain conclusions follow.So nothing about the world can be established with certainty. Hume concludes tha t there is no antecedent to the skeptical argumentexcept, in effect, to ignore it. Even if these matters were resolved in every case, we would have in turn to justify our standard of justification, leading to an absolute regress (hence the term regress skepticism). Many philosophers have questioned the value of such skeptical arguments. The question of whether we can achieve knowledge of the external world is base on how gamey a standard we set for the justification of such knowledge.If our standard is absolute certainty, then we cannot progress beyond the existence of mental sensations. We cannot correct deduce the existence of a coherent or continuing I that experiences these sensations, much less the existence of an external world. On the other hand, if our standard is in any case low, then we admit follies and illusions into our body of knowledge. This argument against absolute skepticism asserts that the practical philosopher must move beyond solipsism, and accept a stand ard for knowledge that is high but not absolute.

Marketing Mix Essay

IntroductionMarketing Mix is a major concept in modern commercialiseing and involves practically everything that a merchandising comp any can use to influence consumer perception favorably towards its return or services so that consumer and organizational objectives are attained, i.e. Marketing compound is a model of crafting and implementing marketing strategy. In this assignment, I will discuss the major marketing mix variables as classified by Prof. E. Jerome McCarthy which arei. harvestingii. Priceiii. Place (Distribution)iv. Promotion.Throughout the assignment I will prefer to use my reference to Sony Corporation. I will refer to this company how it has diversify its market products, the expenditure range, places for distribution and the promotional strategies they have used to promote their products.SONY Corporation In BriefSony Corporation is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, and whizz of the worlds largest media conglomerate with re venue of US$88.7 billion (as of 2008) based in Minato, Tokyo. Sony is one of the leading manufacturers of electronics, video, communications, video game consoles and information engineering science products for the consumer and professional markets. Its name is derived from Sonus, the Greek goddess of sound. Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its five operating segmentselectronics, games, fun (motion pictures and music), financial services and other.These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sonys principal business operations include Sony Corporation (Sony Electronics in the U.S.), Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment, Sony BMG Music Entertainment, Sony Ericsson and Sony Financial Holdings. As a semiconductor maker, Sony is among the Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales Leaders. The companys slogan is Sony. bodred no other.SO NY ProductsThe first market mix element is Product. A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that susceptibility satisfy a need or want. Product decision normally base on brand name, Functionality, Styling, Quality, Safety, Packaging, Repairs and Support, Warranty, accessories and Services. These product attributes can be manipulated depending on what the fanny market wants. Also, customers always look for new and improved things, which is why marketers should improve existing products, develop new ones, and discontinue old ones that are no agelong needed or wanted by the customer. Sony has a variety of products ranging from electronic devices, games and entertainment. So, briefly Sony products can be categorized in the following major product categories i. Television and Projectors Bravia LCD TV, CRT TV, fundament theatre projector, Business Projector, Public Display Panel. ii. piazza video Blue-ray disc player, DVD pl ayer, DVD portable player. iii. Home Audio Hi-Fi Systems, Home audio accessories. E.g. Digital media port. iv. Home Theatre system DVD Home Theatre System, Home Theatre Component System, Home Theatre System Accessories. v. Digital Photography Digital SLR, Cybershot Digital Camera, Digital Photo Printer, Digital Photo Frame vi. Hand cam video camera Handycam towering definition video Camera, Handycam Standard Definition Video Camera, Handycam Accessoriesiv, Digital Photo Printer, Digital Photo Frame. vii. Computer Peripherals VAIO laptops and computers, VAIO accessories, Business Projectorsiv, retrospect Stick. viii. Portable Audio Walkman mp3 series, CD Walkman series, CD/Radio/Cassette player, Radio, Voice recorder, Audio Accessories ix. Game Playstation 3, Playstation 2, PSP (Playstation Portable) x. In-Car entertainment Xplod CD receiver, Xplod in car visual, Xplod Cassette receiver, Xplod Amplifier, Xplod Speaker/Subwoofer xi. Mobile phones Phones, Phone Accessories.xii. Stora ge and Recording media Memory Stick, USB storage media, Data storage media, Video Storage media, Audio media, Storage media, Professional media. xiii. Battery and ChargerSONY Promotion Brief IntroductionPromotion is a key element of marketing program and is concerned witheffectively and efficiently communicating the decisions of marketing strategy, to favorably influence localise customers perceptions to facilitate exchange mingled with the marketer and the customer that may satisfy the objective of both customer and the company. A companys promotional efforts are the only controllable elbow room to get awareness among publics about itself, the products and services it offers , their features and influence their attitudes favorably. Advertising SONY has advertise its products through many diametrical ways and media. Through TV we have seen different advertisements of its products such as Bravia televisions or Sony wega TV. Sony also advertise its products by targeting those fa vorable television programs, like sports, series and also it has its own channel called Sony TV channel. Sony uses well-nigh events like Miss India2008 to promote its products.Also, Sony has advertised its games like Playstation 3, Playstation 2 and PSP using sports like football in England premiere league. Through newspapers like Times of India, Sony has advertised a wide range of products it offers to its customers. And also through Posters a meat has been sent to a lot of people to be aware of the products which Sony offers. Sony also uses mastermind response advertising. This is type of advertising that encourages the consumer to respond either by providing feedback to the advertiser or placing the order with the advertiser either by telephone, mail or the internet.such(prenominal) advertising is done through direct mail or catalogues. Sony incorporates co-operative advertising in its advertising process. Sony corporation provides the dealers (e.g. Sony World) with the mater ials and guidelines to develop ads for print, television or radio commercials. This ensures that message is in line with, what the manufacture wants to communicate. The company and the dealers usually share the media costs and hence, the name co-operative advertising.Sales Promotion Sales promotion is a marketing discipline that utilizes a variety of incentives techniques to structure sales related programs targeted to customers, trade, and/or sales levels that generate a specific, measurable action or response for a product or service. Sales promotions for example includes free samples, discount, rebates, coupons, contents and sweepstakes, premiums, scratch card, exchange offers, early bird prizes, etc. Sony has promoted its products through different sales promotionalstrategies. For example after the release of the Sony BRAVIA television sets, Sony promoted them by earl bird prizes by saying that all BRAVIA full HD LCDTVs purchased during July 2008 and registered within two week s of purchase qualify for a Bonus Playstation 3 as long as the customer claims is one of the first35,000 received and validated by Sony.Also Sony has promoted its Sony Ericsson P1i phones by including a scratch cards which gives the customer the offer to download 10 free software application for that mobile phone. Sony Ericsson has also promoted its Sony Ericsson K550i Mid-Range Cyber-shot Phone that if you buy it you get a free Bluetooth headset with one year manufacturers warrantyPublic Relations and Publicity Public relations is a broad set of communication activities employed to create and maintain favorable relationship with employees, shareholders, suppliers, media, educators, potential investors, financial institutions, government agencies and officials and society in general. Through its website, Sony corporation has its provided contacts for those customers who will be in need of any information from the company. In this way Sony can create a mutual relationship with its cu stomers and ensure that it serves the wishes and demands of its customers.SONY Place (Distribution)Decisions with respect to distribution channel focus on making the product available in adequate quantities at places where customers are normally expected to shop for them to satisfy their needs. Depending on the nature of the product, marketing heed decides to put into place an exclusive, selective or intensive network of distribution, while selecting the appropriate dealers or wholesalers. Sony being the company which positions itself as a swoper of perdurable and high-end products, it is practicing selective distribution of its products from the selective dealers i.e. SONY World.Apart from this there are grey-markets in India and other countries where a practice of intensive market coverage is practiced, and the products in these kind of markets normally do not posses all the features and benefits which Sony offers e.g. warranty and guarantee. Sony distributes its products in va rious channels. It uses Zero-level channel, one level channeland two-level channel. In India, Sony has used the method of one-level distribution channel. This means that, customer buy their Sony product from the retailers recognized by Sony, and these retailers buy the products immediately from the company itself.SONY PricePricing decisions are almost always made in consultation with marketing management. Price is the only marketing mix variable that can be altered quickly. Price variables such as dealer hurt, retail price, discounts, allowances, credit terms etc. influence the development of marketing strategy, as price is a major factor that influences the assessment of value obtained by customers. Customers directly relate price to quality, particularly in case of products that are ego intensive of technology based. Sony being a company which emphasize product quality, it tends to sell its products with price range from moderately-high to high-prices, depending on the use and t he targeted customers. For example, Lets consider Sony series of VAIO laptops. Sony has tried to categorize the laptops according to style, user, purpose, mobility and performance, and each a corresponding price.The laptops sold by Sony in India include a series of Sony VAIO, this are VAIO SR, VAIO FW, VAIO tokage, VAIO CR, VAIO NR, VAIO TZ and VAIO SZ. VAIO SR, boast on the excellence in mobility and perfection in performance. This laptop was designed for businessmen and its price is just about Rs. 75,000/ VAIO FW, boast of theatrical experience and world class performance. This model was designed mainly for home user or casual user of laptops who aims on media playback. The price of it is around Rs. 80,000 and Rs.1,25,000. VAIO CR, boast on style and texture. Depending on the configuration, the prices are from Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 65,000. VAIO NR, boast of natural, chic design. It was designed to meet customers ambiance and lifestyle.For this reason the Sony corporation has decided the price of the laptop to be Rs. 40,000 and Rs. 50,000 depending on the configuration. VAIO TZ, boast of elite lifestyle, and high class performance. This laptop was designed purposely for business as it is light weight, high bear on speed, and flash memory storage and longer backup power. For all this facts Sony has priced it to be between Rs. 1,15,000 and Rs. 1,40,000.VAIO SZ, boast of premier mobility and executive excellence. This laptop wasdeveloped by Sony to target executives and business people who are mobile. The laptop is fitted with hybrid hard disk drive and motion eye camera and Bluetooth compatible headset with applications for increasing mobility and video conferencing. Its price is about Rs. 1,24,000

Interpreting and Translation Essay

The Similarity and Differences between Translation and interpretation 1. Similarity both(prenominal) transferring the communicate from Source Language (SL) into Target Language (TL) Both retaining the pass on Both restructuring or reproducing Both having SLT and TLT Both having the target audience 2. Differences.Translation Interpreting The medium is in written carcass The medium is in oral form In reproducing the rendition in the receptor language In reproducing the translation in the receptor language not on the cutaneous senses on the spot can use dictionaries or thesaurus direct translation (being able to translate in both directions, have more time to check and recheck the translation without the use of any dictionaries) have no time to check and recheck the translation) The doer translator The doer vocalization The Theory.Interpreting consists of presenting in the Receptor Language, the exact message of what is uttered in the Source Language either simul taneously or straightly preserving the tone of the vocalizer, such as formal and informal expressions, emotions, feelings, the choice of words, spicy and low pitch or tone in uttering words, etc. The Process of Interpreting There are 4 elements involve in the process of reading the speaker the audience the message the interpreter The Process (in TL) Messagesmessages (in SL) (1) (2)(3) (4).(1) Listening and understanding a spoken message of the Source Language ( (2) Storing/note-taking the message ( (3) Retrieving the message ( (4) Reproducing the message of the generator language into the receptor language. Modes of Interpreting 1. Simultaneous Interpreting In simultaneous interpreting, the speaker and the interpreter speak almost at the same time. 2. succeeding(prenominal) Interpreting In consecutive interpreting, the speaker speaks first, then after he/she finish his/her complete segment/speech, the interpreter takes the turn.Generally, during consecutive interpreting the speaker cabbage every 3-5 minutes (usually at the end of every paragraph or a complete thought) and the interpreter then steps in to transfer what was tell into the receptor language. Model of Communication Flow in Consecutive Interpreting INTERPRETER SPEAKERAUDIENCE indirect communication direct communication Qualifications of a Good interpretive program An interpreter has to have noesis of the general subject of the speeches that are to be interpreted. An interpreter has to have general erudition and intimate familiarity with both cultures. For example when a speaker talks about American agriculture, then the interpreter has to know about American agriculture. An interpreter has to have extensive vocabulary in both languages (SL and RL). An interpreter has to have the ability to express thoughts clearly (easily to understand) and concisely (in brief) in both languages. An interpreter has to have an excellent note taking technique for consecutive interpreting. An interpre ter at least 2-3 years of booth experience for simultaneous interpreting. In addition, in note taking of a paragraph uttered by a speaker, an interpreter has to be able to grab the main idea/topic of that paragraph. Therefore, the interpreter will understand what the paragraph that the speaker talks about. The Competencies mandatory for an Interpreter Language Competence A language competence is a good command of the source language and the receptor language which includes ? Lexicon ? Grammatical twist ? Pronunciation Transfer Competence? king to reproduce a variety of synonymous or analogous expressions in both language ? Ability to have and reproduce register variations ? Ability to recognize and reproduce domain-specific expressions in a form which will be regarded as natural by the respective users ? Ability to combine verbal and non-verbal communication cues from the SL and reproduce them in appropriate combinations in the RL ? Ability to identify and exploit rhythm and ton e patterns of languages in order to tick and utilize the chunks of speech so as to maximize the efficiency of the interpreting ?Ability to speedily analyze the utterance in the context of the communication in order to anticipate the direction in which the argument is proceeding and the strategy being used in developing the argument. Cultural Competence ? The possession of knowledge enabling the interpreter to comprehend the totality of the communicative intent of the speaker ? Extra-linguistic knowledge about the world of the speaker and the audience ? Social conventions, institutional practices, taboos, anthropologically and historically relevant elements of the cultures. Appropriate Technique ? Knowledge of the dynamic communication Control of the speed Control of the congruence of the tone of voice due to the emotional manoeuvre of the utterance and that of the interpretation of the utterance. ? Note-taking to avoid omission Interpreters notes are very different from those of, say, a stenographer, because writing down words in the source language makes the interpreters job harder when he has to translate the speech into the target language. Many professional interpreters develop their own ideogramic symbology, which allows them to take down not the words, but the thoughts of the speaker in a sort of language-independent form. Then the interpreters getup is more idiomatic and less source-language bound. ? Ordering information output ? Voice production (audible, clear, unambiguous) Good Short Term Memory ? The comprehension ability to store information ? The ability to recall with a high stop of accuracy what the speaker has said. Professional Competence?The ability to make independent judgments in terms of the linguistic, ethical, socio-cultural and effective issues which arise in an interpreted situation. The Skills Required for the Interpreter Listening skill being able to get the message Speaking skill being able to transmit the message (quali ty of voice, choice of idiom, vocabulary, phrasing, etc. ) Interpreting Ethics Impartiality to carry out professional duties to the best of his/her ability regardless of who the clients are in terms of race, social and economic status, ethnicity, etc. In other words, the interpreter has to be fair and not taking side. Conflict of interest means to act without regard to other interests such as ad hominem or financial gain. Things that Have to be pissd in Becoming an Interpreter Be familiar with the subject of the conference and the subjects of speeches Try to speak with the speaker and find out the general contents of speech and the time s/he intends to dedicate to the speech Find copies of overhead transparencies, slides, or paper Prepare a glossary for the interpretation to gather all the vocabulary which you might need for the job (terms, nouns, verbs, abbreviations, etc. ). ***

African Americans and Slavery Essay

The American Revolution was a time of great turmoil for all hands and women in the United States. ample debates came and went during this time slavery and the freedom of dark men being the main problems in these debates. Slaves were used for a great number of things during the American new period. The stretch of slavery to the American colonies began in the 1600s and started out in Virginia. As the years passed more and more African-Americans were brought into the colonies to be used as labor workers.The beginning nub of slaves continued to grow and by the beginning of the revolution there were about 273,000 slaves spread throughout the American severalizes. With the coming of the revolution all African-Americans, slave or free, knew something was coming and each had a different response to these comings. There were differences in the responses of slaves and free men during the American Revolution. There were also consequences to their choices.Gaining freedom in a land of capt ivity and wresting equality from a society whose founding documents guarantee it has been the consuming desire and everlasting hope that has kept harrowed bodies and weary souls going. In the grey states African-American slaves were treated harsher than those in the north. The plantations down reciprocal ohm required back breaking hours of work in the sun that White Americans believed could only be through with(p) by those they had bought. There was a reason for them to be there and until they could no longer work they were to do all things imaginable for their proprietors, no questions asked.Some of these slaves model it was easier to run away from their owners and that in doing so they would have a chance to difference of opinion for their country. Slaves could either flee to the north or they could flee to Spanish have Florida. In cases where a master was called upon to fight, they would send a slave in their place and if they lived long enough to return home they earned f reedom. Many of the slaves distinct that if they had a chance to gain their freedom by joining the war effort then they would gladly take their masters place.They also believed that with the beginning to the revolutionary period would give a new deed to the land and when it was over there would no longer be a need for slaves. The consequences for slaves in the in the south were innumerable. Like many slaves, they took this time to run from slave masters and plantations. If these southern slaves were caught, depending on the owner, the slave could suffer mild to severe consequences. Depending on the demeanor of the owner a slave could be punished in several different ways. Whipping, branding, slapping, being dunked underwater, and kicking were just some forms of punishment.The most severe punishments were to cut dour a body part like an ear in the hopes that the slave would learn and never run again. There were also nice slave owners that chose non to punish their slaves. There justification for non punishing their slaves was so that they would continue to work and so that the owner could buy more slaves with the money that they continued to share in from the work. Because of some owners that continuously harassed Washington, he stopped allowing slaves into his army. But world-wide Washington, fearing rebellion, created an order that stated that all shockings were not allowed to fight.Later he partially reversed the order and allowed only free black men to fight with him. Some slaves believed that taking a chance to flee towards the north was a far-fetched idea. They were want freedom in the quickest possible way. Lord Dunmore sent out a proclamation that stated in exchange for freedom any black that came to him would fight against the patriots and become a loyalist. Dunmores promise of freedom fueled black slaves to escape and even some patriots fled to fight as a loyalist. afterwards the war, true to his word, slaves gained their freedom.Some of th ese newly freed slaves went to Britain but many of them stayed in the Americas. On the other hand free men in the north believed the revolution would bring about change for the better. Their idea of the revolution was that they were being given the chance to gain independence from Great Britain and also for themselves. It was a defining moment in history that they were to be a part of. Fighting with white men gave these free black men a sense of honor and it also gave them a job where they could earn a little money to put towards getting homes and things of that nature.Men from the north gradually began to realize that they could fight with their brethren and bring independence to the land. General Washington passed an order stating that no black man was allowed into his army. This order came about because of general angst from some slave owners. These owners believed that there should not be any blacks contend for the independence because they were only good for being slaves and t hey would never have say over anything.After some time Washington, fearing not having enough men to fight against the British, partially reversed this order to allow only free black men. Other than this there were not many consequences that are recorded for free black men. These free men not only fought for the independence of the nation but also for their independence and the independence of other black men and women. African-Americans from the north and south chose to join the continental army because they believed that they should help make the place the lived independent from a totalitarianism that had no say in the matters of a new country. They snarl that this tyranny could take their rights and place them under unfair rule once again.Some of the freemen and slaves that had started out in the continental army decided to run to the British army but were not successful in their plights. Nash called the revolution the greatest slave rebellion in American history because it was just that. The revolution heart-to-heart up new grounds for slaves to rebel against owners because it was the most opportune time for them to do so. If any group within Americas diversified community came close to answering John Adamss plea that we must all be soldiers, it was black Americans.No part of revolutionary society responded to the call for gird with anywhere near the enthusiasm of those who were black. Proportionate to their number, African American males and some females were more likely to join the fray than white Americans. According to this excerpt from some other one of Nashs books, African-Americans were much more adept to answering the plea of John Adams. If there were more African-American fighters than white that meant that more black males were report to put themselves in danger in order to gain freedom.They would rather have one day of freedom, not knowing if they would die in the expression by side(p) second, hour, or day, than be a slave for the rest o f their lives. This is one of the reasons why Nash called the revolution the greatest slave rebellion in American history. expansive to fill the thinned ranks of its regiments, states offered freedom to serve during the continuance of the present war with Great Britain. Every black enlistee would be immediately discharged from the avail of his master or mistress, and be absolutely free, as if he had never been encumbered with any kind of servitude or slavery. If states were desperate to have more men come into their ranks then there was nothing really stopping slaves from escaping their masters and coming to fight. They all wanted freedom from someone. Slaves wanted freedom from their bonds that were tied to the crack they worked and the Americans wanted freedom from Great Britain. Both groups had their reasons to fight and the only way slaves knew how to become free was to rebel and run to an army. This was a time for large rebellions on all fronts not just from the slaves.It wa s a rebellion against the British from the former colonists and a rebellion against the men and women that were taken from their homes to somehow create new ones. It may have been, as Nash says the greatest slave rebellion in American history, but for most of the rebels it ended like the others, in death. Slaves who supported the American side fared better, but not much better. Only with great reluctance did Washington allow some to join his army. Other Virginians had another wartime use for them.In 1780 the state legislature offered salves as a bounty for enlistment in the war against British tyranny. The revolution did see enactment of measures for gradual emancipation in the northern states, but the number who benefited was small. My view on the American Revolution has changed somewhat because of how the African-Americans were treated during and after the period of war. The Americans act as though they had not been armed combat alongside each other and because of this withhol d distaste for the blacks.The completely disregard the idea that every man is created equal and has certain unalienable rights. They do not extend these ideas that were written down on the Declaration of Independence to the free black Americans. Men that had fought with and under Washington were not looked as the same because the tinct of their skin and were not given the same rights. Because of how they were treated I see the Revolution more as a war against Britain to save other whites from tyranny rather than to gain independence for all mankind. . 1 . Gary B. Nash, The Forgotten Fifth African Americans in the Age of Revolution (Harvard University 2006), 1. 2 . Taymor, . US History Documents. final stage modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http//inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. 3 . Taymor, . US History Documents. Last modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http//inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/ Nashfighting. pdf. 4 . Edmund S. Morgan, review of The Unknown American Revolution

Discuss Yeats’ changing attitude to ‘Romantic Ireland’

It is one of the dualities in Yeats work that a poet renowned for the everyday forlorn drive in lyric should be so inextricably bound to the particular identity, struggle and destiny of the Irish nation. However, on closer examination, Yeats poetic modal value proves that seeming conundrum is easily let offed when the true nature of Yeats idealism is taken into account. This essay shall argue the apparent political new commitment seen in the 1910s was something of an aberration, in a transitional period of his career. To locate this transition, it is necessary to start at the beginning and terminal of his life, and work inwards, tracing the changing portrayal of Ireland in his verse.The aboriginal Yeats was part of a strong romanticist tradition. Its liking for the emotional authenticity of folk-lore found a ready place in Yeats work, as he exploited the rich Irish mythological tradition his long narrative works all date from this first stage. The first collection parts the b allad form frequently, and the simplicity of poems like To An isle in the Water shy one, shy one/ shy one of my kernel / she moves in the firelight recalls traditional Irish poetry.Perhaps archetypal of Yeats former(a) romantic pieces is To The rosaceous Upon The Rood Of Time. His treatment of Ireland and formal technique come together under the auspices of traditional Romanticism he is unapologetic about drawing from onetime(a) Eire and the ancient ways. The poem is populated by mythic and shadowy figures from Irelands Gaelic past the warrior-king Cuchulain, a druid, and Fergus, sometime King of Ulster. Despite coming from an Irish Protestant family, Yeats still paints Ireland as a Celtic idyll, and evokes it using traditional Romantic imagery stars, the sea, woodlands, flowers. The use of the rose as a motif throughout his early work is indebted not only to the Order of the Golden Dawn, but to Blake in particular. Both shared a mystical tendency beyond Christianity echoed b y Yeats own wish to be a seer-poet in the Irish tradition the keeper of the narrative of identity.Formally and technically, it shows the clear legacy of Romanticism alike. The opening line, in solid iambic pentameter, runs as a stylized invocation a common technique of traditional lyrical verse. The repetitions echo prayer, further intensifying the eldritch dimension of the piece. The vocabulary, whilst not necessarily archaic, is certainly that of traditional poetic diction thine, whereof, boughs. There is a similar stylization in the syntax I would, before my time to go and personification of eternal beauty wandering on her way.This phase of his poetry, known as the Celtic twilight period, is rich in similar poems their set being Irish themes and myth married to Romantic style and concerns such as unrequited love, heroism and mystical union with nature. Other pieces which use Irish mythology are The Hosting of the Sidhe, The Song of Wandering Aengus, but the idea of a Celti c idyll (derived from the Romantics radical reshaping of pastoral idealism) runs throughout.This early work is a strong bank line to his final collections, some three or four decades later. It is impossible to characterise such an extensive body of poetry with few examples, but the progression is distinctive. His ethnic frame of reference seems far wider, drawing on such diverse sources as a Quattrocento painters throng / A thoughtless image of Mantegnas thought1 to the famous symbolism of Byzantium, representing imaginative unity and the highest form of culture. Formally, the uniform elegiac tone of the early verse (broken only by simple ballads and refrains) is replaced by much great variety. Yeats background in theatre comes through in many pieces relying on the dialogue form. There are also the unique and iconoclastic Crazy Jane poems, as well as series of lyrics and fragments of a few lines. The tone is far less stylised and less self-consciously Romantic Crazy Jane represe nt the acme of a far more open and natural diction.The portrayal of Ireland in these poems mirrors the new progression in style. Under Ben Bulben sees Yeats rather desperately asking youthfulness writers to learn your trade and pat your mind on other days. This strikes a more resigned tone than the early To Ireland In The Coming Times where Yeats affirmed I cast my heart into my rhymes and evoked faeries, dancing under the moon / A druid land, a druid tune Parnells Funeral is not so much resigned, as starkly cynical, with Yeats stating all that was render / all that was said in Ireland is a lie / bred out of the contagion of the throng. It is an attitude shared in the acerbic The Great Day and also Nineteen coulomb And Nineteen which describes the traffic in mockeryWe, who seven years agoTalked of honour and truth,Shriek with pleasure if we showThe weasels twist, the weasels toothThe poems in The Tower and The Winding Stair, particularly, portray sadness despair which sees Yea ts retreating, whether it be to the symbolic Byzantium, or his own watchtower at Coole Park. The everyday chaos of Ireland is left behind as Yeats surrenders to reflection. Yet this also marks a continuation between the deuce periods in the figure of a solitary, reflective artist a man in his own secret meditation / is muddled amid the labyrinth that he has made (Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen.) We see, too, that Yeats had lost none of his gift for the lyric.Note the solemn mysticism of wine-dark midnight in the sacred wood (Her Vision In The Wood) or the powerful spiritual aphorism in Under Ben Bulben Many times man lives and dies / Between his two eternities.This continuity, although at odds with the progressions already noted, helps to let off them. It is the vital thread foot race through his transitional phase, unifying both early and late Yeats, and provokes fresh inquiry into the so-called political poems. Yeats was always a Romantic in the Keatsian or Tennysonian reflectiv e strain, rather than the radical political side. Hid poetry nearly always came imbued with myth, otherness he proceeded from the Late Romantic period to form a kind of Romantic Modernism more characteristic of American poets such as Hart Crane. His interest in dream symbolism and automatic write also placed him with the impressionistic side of Modernism (eg.Surrealism) rather than the harsher or more violent wings (imagism, futurism etc.)Yeats myth-making and political romanticism is lucidly apparent if the use of legend in the Celtic twilight phase is put under closer scrutiny. Without placing too much store on biographical details, Celticism (in the hands of Yeats and others) was double-edged. Although it did support issue identity and culture, it was also reinforcing imperial stereotyping of the Celts as irrational, feminine and emotional. By using the ancient myth of Ireland, Yeats was implicitly denying that Ireland had a present by glorifying the peasantry and the oppressed , he was implicitly affirming that Irelands place was as a subjugated nation.This paradox has been noted in a general sense by Edward Said to accept nativism is to accept the consequences of imperialism too willingly, to accept the very radical, religious and political divisions imposed on places like Ireland.2 Yeats is not a radical revolutionary idealism, but an imaginative idealism running along metaphysical and mythopoetic lines not historical or political ones.If this tendency the tendency to escape into myth is noted, the later pieces seem less removed from his early career. Yeats peppers his verse with references to former poets, and explicitly assumes the Romantic mantle for himselfSome moralist or mythological poetCompares the solitary soul to a swanI am satisfied with that,Satisfied if a troubled mirror show it,Before that apprise gleam of its life be gone.(Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen)He revels in the symbol of the winding stair to mythologise the poets ascent to medi tate on the turbulence of the world below. Whereas before Irelands enchanted past was the myth, now Ireland is yoked to greater schemes. The obliging war representing the violence and disillusion of existence to be set against the spiritual purity of the poet in his tower. The events in Ireland are chained to Yeats elaborate visions of cyclical narrative set out in The Second Coming and The Gyres. The violence upon the roads (Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen and the rage-driven, rage-tormented, and rage-hungry troop (Meditations in Time of civilised War) are local analogues for the universal blood-dimmed tide of The Second Coming.Yeats still does celebrate Ireland it would be fallacy to suggest that the violence of the Civil War sickened his idealism so much he could neer face Ireland again with anything but cynicism. However, his engagement was often wary, sometimes humorousal the drinking song of Come Gather Round Me, Parnellites. Neither can it be ignored that he occasionall y refashioned his old Celtic schemes, most famously in Under Ben Bulben although even here it becomes a segment of a wider abstract gyres run on / when that greater dream had gone.It is particularly interesting, although peradventure not surprising, that Yeats took the events of the civil war and immediately mythologised them. As mentioned above, the black-and-tan conflict becomes an antithetical tension in his meditative poems, or is encompassed into some larger historical cycle. In various pieces, the heroes of Irish independence take their historical place neatly alongside Wolfe smell and the Celtic warriors. Even before the fate of the Irish Free State had been decided, Yeats had abstracted the civil war and the contemporary crisis into history and myth. It seems that in his poetry, Ireland had to be romantic.Which helps to explain exactly why Yeats had a seemingly political phase. Essentially, for a brief period, the reality of Ireland suddenly became equal to the romantic i deal a struggle for an ideal and a dream, a forging of identity, a moment of historical crisis, death and beauty side by side. Yeats suddenly found that, for a moment, romantic Ireland seemed to be tentatively existent.It must be noted that the political phase coincided beautifully with the technical and stylistic transition. It would be mere speculation to try to delineate some kind of causal relationship, but it is clear that by 1914 Yeats was searching for some kind of new poetic idiom. His patchy excursions into Imagist style verse in The Green Helmet show he was dissatisfied with simply creating carbon-copy Keatsian Celtic lyrics. It was also about this time that the first dialogue poems began to appear. Emotionally, the tone of the poetry is dejected too. Yeats grew weary of the sun and suggests he force have been content to live in Words. No Second Troyrebukes Gonne she filled my days / with misery, whilst the downbeat Lines written in Dejection sees him with nothing but th e embittered sun.It is seemingly with the Civil War that Yeats found a way to harness his Romanticism to both modern Ireland and to Modernism itself. The period was one of great variety in style and theme. Culminations of his wistful melancholia appear as late as The Wild Swans of Coole (notably the title poem.) Yet they lie side by side with dubious Modernist outings like The surge of the Mind and more successful sparse and clean verse like (perhaps supremely) Easter 1916.Poems like The Phases of the Moon and Ego Dominus Tuus anticipate Yeats later metaphysical and philosophical bent. And he was still glorifying the Irish peasantry in pieces like The Fisherman. As Bloom points out the two years from late 1915 to late 1917 were the most important of Yeats imaginative life.3 sure enough no accident then, that such a time frame was identical to the opening of the Irish hostilities. A longer transitional period (Responsibilities to Michael Robartes) interlocks uncannily with the end of the Home Rule, the Easter Rising and the course of the Irish Civil War.Thus it appears the Irelands revolution either spurred Yeats poetic career on to new ground, or he exploited it to facilitate the transition. In September 1913, disillusioned by the philistine and listless middle classes (symbolised by the greasy till), is among the strongest glorification of the Irish revolutionary traditionthey were of a different kind,The names that stilled your childish play,They have gone about the world like wind,But little time had they to prayFor whom the hangmans traffic circle was spun,And what, God help us, could they save?The second in the triptych of Yeats war poems (the other was Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen), was Easter 1916, where Yeats even questions the viability of art to encapsulate the glory of the revolutionaries no, no, not night but death. This is quite a reversal for an artist who is fiercely aware of the myth-making possibility of poetry, and the importance of the n arrative bardic tradition to Irish identity. Yeats is fond to contrast the everyday polite meaningless words and the bourgeois world of eighteenth century houses with the sacrifice and honour of the 1916 rebelsWe know their dreams, enoughTo know they ideate and are deadAnd what if excess of loveBewildered them till they died?I write it out in a verse MacDonaugh and MacBrideAnd Connolly and Pearse.Yet even here, perhaps at the very apex of his political phase, there is doubt too long a sacrifice / Can make a stone of the heart and foreboding of an destructive, irreversible change changed, changed utterly / A terrible beauty is born.These two separate images remind us that Yeats was an imaginative (and not political) idealist, and evoke two of his emblematic concerns stasis, and the dying moment. Both his traditional and Modernist Romanticism are rooted in an intense awareness of time and history. The Celtic twilight poems, with their exploration of myth, unrequited love, and sorro w, demoralise and unify the tension between the Romantic polarity of eternity and transience compare with Blakes Auguries of Innocence or Shelleys To A Skylark. Whilst never fully leaving the shadow of the Romantics charter I meditate upon a swallows flight from Coole Park, 1929 he also engaged with the Modernist crisis of temporality. The Modernist project to obliterate time has an ally of sorts in Yeats.One might occupy the out of time reflections of the tower poems, the instant of rape enlarged into Leda and the Swan, the a-temporal juxtaposition of historical figures in The Statues, and of course the apocalyptic visions of The Second Coming and The Gyres. Note, too, the vast amount of material Yeats wrote on the experiences of aging and death.It is this obsession with time that reveals Yeats true image of Ireland. Ireland, for him at least, had to be romantic Ireland, otherwise it something to be rejected as inferior philistine, crude, brutal and unfriendly to the soul o f an imaginative artist. The Ireland of Yeats verse was always an Ireland of the past, an Ireland passing away, with one eye on the eternities of legend and history. The images of Ireland changed repeatedly yet the undertow of myth remained the same.For a brief period around Easter 1916 a time that fortuitously coincided with and perhaps enabled Yeats technical transition the reality of present Ireland was seemingly equal to its mythic past. It is ironic that Yeats most relevant and political poem was also his greatest act of myth-making. What was really changed, changed utterly was not the history of Ireland, but Yeats imaginative landscape. Ireland, once again, indistinct to romantic legend, and was dead and gone. Yeats slotted Pearse as heir to Cuchulain in his mythic schema, and continued his intrinsically timeless and subjective quest, fusing Modernism, Romanticism and Ireland into his own poetic idiom.

Work to Be Done.

Introduction The poem Dad explores the author, Elaine Feinsteins life and the feelings surrounding the passing of her father. The poem was written a year and a half after her fathers death as she tried to come to terms with her feelings of grief and sadness towards losing a loved one. Elaine Feinstein reflects on the images she has of her father. The themes that evolve throughout the poem Dad are those of grief for the father she has lost, love and great sorrow. Every day I sorrow, demonstrates the degree of loss the author feels towards her fathers death.Fond memories of her father caring sacks of potatoes, fresh eggs and flowers show the great love she feels towards her father. She feels sorrow for all the puerility memories that she has lost. At the start of the poem the tone is one of fondness as the author describes the characteristics of her father such as his hat and his soft heavy hand. This gives the reviewer an idea that it was when she was a child and that her dad was th at to protect and comfort her. In stanza two the tone and mood is one of great grief and sadness as the author remembers how her father became ill. you beached cold, white-faced, shivering Gives the impression that the man or her father was in hospital with some illness astir(predicate) to pass away. In stanza cardinal the tone turns to one of disbelief as the author questions how her father became ill. Her loyal warrior became ill and attached to a hospital monitor. This enforce that the author never believed that fit ill and end up in hospital was an option for him. In the last stanza the mood and tone becomes one of great sorrow and loss towards the puerility memories that she had of her father.Throughout this poem there are several different types of poetic devices used to enhance the images of this mans past life. These include personification, metaphors, similes and mental imagery. In the first stanza the entirely poetic device was personification. This was evident in the very first sentence, Your old hat hurts me For this sentence the hat is suggested to be hurting someone giving it a human characteristic meaning that the sentence contains personification. It portrays the image of a little child wearing a hat that falls over his eyes.The purpose of the imagery is to show where the poem starts off when the author was a child describing what his earliest memories were like. In the second stanza the intimately significant poetic device was a metaphor. This could be found at the end of the stanza, you beached cold, white-faced, shivering. This metaphor is comparing the man or dad to a beached whale suggesting he is sick or reached a hard-fought obstacle. The image put forward is of the father lying in a hospital bed with some illness.The author has gradually worked to this image, each sentence is about the authors memories this is a recent memory, unlike the others which were from when the author was younger. In the third stanza an important sentenc e for imagery is, What happened, old bull, my loyal hoarse-voiced warrior? The image captured in this sentence is of someone questioning how this could have happened to such a determined and wilful man. This suggests that the now old man had such an effect on the bank clerk/author that they thought the old man could never be stopped but they were proved wrong.This adds to the mood of the poem as well. In the final stanza the most obvious poetic device was a simile. In the sentence, the earth as chosen as a bed is where the simile is. It is comparing the earth of a grave-pit to a bed or final resting place suggesting that someone may have passed away. The image received is of a funeral where they are at the point of hard the coffin into the grave where he shall rest for eternity. It means that the once strong and determined dad has given in. Conclusion

Comparing Business and Econimic Opportunities in India and China Essay

From my perspective, the main factor contri simplyes to the difference in FDI and stinting ontogenesis in mainland China and India are institutions. There are two kinds of institutions one is formal institution, including governmental schema, legal system and economic system, another one is informal institution, which consists of culture, business norms and ethics.As for political system in India, which tagged as sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic rereality. It is similar to America, it has the federal form of government, its central government is patterned after the British parliamentary system, and several Parties are able to take underwrite of the nation, but the main power to laterality the country is the central government.Compare with Chinese communist totalitarianism, India is more(prenominal) democratic in terms of the political system. In other, words, it is more easier to set up your own business in India and which may absorb more capital give thanks to the d emocratic political system in India. According to the corruption perceptions index 2012, India got the fit of 36, and China got the score of 39, the lower score means the country is juicyly corrupt in the public sector.Therefore, China is more attractive to immaterial investors in terms of the corruption level. As for political risk, thanks to corruption and the departure of several key allies for India, the government has been weakened in India, which make India little attractive for foreign investment to contrast with China.As for protecting understanding property right, the provisions of intellectual property right in India is more comprehensive than Chinese, which ensures foreign companies get an easier access to take control of intellectual property in India. According to the data from Global EDGE, Chinese government provides more protections on labors to analyze with India. Which is a good sign for encouraging FDI in China.According to Ease of Paying Taxes big business man on Global EDGE website, which ranks the country based on their total tax rate as well as measuring the administrative burden of paying taxes. India ranked 152 and China ranked 122 this indicates that compare with doing business in India, foreign companies may not have much pressure of paying tax for the government in China, which is positive sign for foreign companies to expanded to Chinese to get rid of the high tax rate.As for economic system, both of China and India used to be in thecommand economy, but they have reformed their economy system to mixed economy in 1978 and 1991 respectively.From my perspective, the early reform of Chinese economy provides a rapid development of the economy in China, which contributes to the higher GDP compare with India now. The economic growth of India is constrained by the inadequate infrastructure, which may creates obstacles for foreign investment. As for cultures, business norm and ethic, India got a huge number of well-educated people sk illed in English skill, which is easier for foreign investors to overcome the languages barriers to compare with China.The religion is a factor which foreign investor has to take into account when they want to enter India. Thanks to opposite religion groups in India, the core value and the norms are widely differ from different religions, which take fourth dimension to understand those value and norms when doing business among Indians.According to data from The Hofstede Center, China and India almost had the same score in power distance, collectivist culture, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance, but China is more long-term oriented, the investment is list to be more long-term projects for instance, the real estate. From my perspective, choosing India to invest is a wise decision, the main reason I recommend the India for foreign investment is that companies may not face as much as contender in India compare with China. There are a huge number of multinational firms in China it is more difficult to be successful due to the fierce competition in China.As for India, where had a more comprehensive legal system, which can reduce the cost of doing business and improve the security of foreign investment. The democratic society may offer more opportunities for foreign investors as well. The India cannot surpass China in spite of appearance a short period of time because of the inadequate infrastructures the inadequate infrastructures is the key factor which constraints the economic growth in India. It is capital and time-consuming to build infrastructures within a short period of time.

Nursing as a career Essay

treat as a Career, Vocation, or Job?Nursing as a Career, occupational group or simply a capriole is a question that may receive many different answers. In my confess personal opinion, I think that Nursing could be all three for different people or even all three things for the same person. Is it so hard to believe that someones bank line is their career, and even that the person is lucky enough to have a career/job as their commerce in life? I think not. A job is something that one gets paid for, makes a aliveness off of it and takes pride in their work. A career is a lifelong commitment to a job or line of work. You get paid for it, you sometimes get benefits and even get to retire. A vocation is a calling in life. It is Gods chosen area for one to work in or do. It is a special talent. Individual nursing practice is determined by the career trend selected and is dependent upon education, experience, work setting and geographical location. Nurses may follow their personal and professional interests by running(a) with any group of people, in any setting, at any time. There is no profession which offers as many opportunities for diversified roles as does nursing. (Sigma Theta Tau,2014)Using Blums model of vocations it is argued that such occupations are socially evince within practices embodying traditions, norms and a range of meanings industrial, social, personal and moral. Vocational workers are those who identify in certain shipway with these traditions, norms and meanings.(PubMed, 2002) Nursing as a job requires not only treating patients who are sick and injured, but to a fault offering advice and emotional support to patients and their families, taking care of paperwork (lots and lots of paperwork), helping doctors diagnose patients and providing advice and follow-up care. (Snagajob,2014)

Persuasive- Pro Gay Marriage Essay

The legalization of same-sex marriage benefits both LGBT deal and America as a nation. As states progressively begin to legalize same-sex marriage, its a expedient time to refocus attention on the umpteen advantages associated with the pursuit and achievement of marriage equation. If same-sex marriages be legalized in Texas, not only will it benefit the state but also it will promote equality and non-discrimination in society, provide economic and business opportunities, and strengthen Americas national identity and worldwide personality.Millions of LGBT people contribute daily to American life in a multitude of ways culturally, lovingly, financially, politically, vocationally, and spiritually. They argon vital to this nations continued growth and evolution and the U.S.A. would suffer greatly from the extraction of their many contributions. The legalization of same-sex marriage encourages the human right that everyone deserves. This promotion of equality and non-discrimination is extremely important in trim back homophobia and encouraging a minority group in society that has suffered colossal amounts of disgust that nobody deserves. much than 1 in 5 LGBTQ students argon physically harassed or assaulted because of their sexual orientation. Children and young adults are being bullied because of whom they like many of them cannot deal with this harassment and end up committing suicide. A large affair of this nations future will be dead if this nonsense doesnt quit. What to a greater extent of a reason do people need to know to see that homophobia is wicked and same-sex marriage should be permitted?It has been proven that same-sex marriage has provided a major economical boost to those states and countries that have embraced marriage equality. The marriage and wedding exertion is a significant one. Nearly $260 million was injected into the New York City economy in the year undermentioned the legalization of same-sex marriage. Its obvious that money-obse ssed geezers that are always looking for a way to get more money out of citizens run the government. Theyd be absolutely blind and useless not to detect that authorizing same-sex marriages could be a win-win for both them and gay couples. America has historically presented itself as a global loss leader in matters of freedom and democracy. Its unfortunate and ironic, however, thatback on home soil one position group of people is consistently denied full access to the American dream. The fact that the federal government doesnt recognize same-sex marriage in a majority of the states has damaged Americas international reputation in relation to LGBT rights. If people would stop discriminating and start embracing this way of life it would looseness a key role in enhancing Americas international reputation in matters of social justice and in restoring this nations integrity as a global leader in the competence of civil and human rights. Also, Liberty and justice for all would finally be believable when same-sex couples are granted equal access to laws across the country.Its time for things to change and begin to celebrate miscellanea and difference in our society, rather than continuing to fear or attack it.

The Borneo Rainforest

The Borneo Rain timber is located in Borneo which is the third mountainousst island in the world and is located compass north of Java, Indonesia, at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Rainforest is 130 million years old, which makes it the oldest rain forest in the world. The Borneo rainforest is one of the only remaining natural habitats for the endangered Bornean Orangutan. It is an important refuge for many another(prenominal) endemic forest species, including the Asian Elephant, the Sumatran Rhinoceros, the Bornean Clouded Leopard, the Hoses Civet and the Dayak Fruit Bat.The Borneo lowland rain forests obliterate most of the island, with an argona of 427,500 squ ar kilometers. The Borneo mountain rainforests lie in the central highlands of the island, above the 1,000 meters elevation. There are species of birds found in the forest and 13 mammals. Tourism is also a popular thing in the Rainforest, with resorts and tours available. In the 1980s and 1990s Bo rneo underwent a remarkable transition. Its forests were levelled at a rate unparalleled in human history.Borneos rainforests went to industrialized countries like Japan and the United States in the form of garden furniture, paper slop and chopsticks. Initially most of the timber was taken from the Malaysian part of the island in the northern states of Sabah and Sarawak. Later forests in the southern part of Borneo, an area belonging to Indonesia and known as Kalimantan, became the primary source for tropical timber. forthwith the forests of Borneo are but a shadow of those of legend and those that remain are highly threatened by the emerging biofuels market, specifically, oil do by.Oil palm is the most productive oil seed in the world. A maven hectare of oil palm may yield 5,000 kilograms of crude oil, or nearly 6,000 liters of crude, making the crop unmistakably profitable when grown in large inventiontations, one study that looked at 10,000 hectare-plantations suggests an i nternal rate of feed of 26 percent annually. As such, vast swathes of land are being converted for oil palm plantations. Oil palm cultivation has expanded in Indonesia from 600,000 hectares in 1985 to more than 6 million hectares by early 2007, and was expected to reach 10 million hectares by 2010.Despite this outlook, there has recently been some positivistic conservation news out of Borneo. In February 2007, the governments of Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia agreed to protect roughly 220,000 square kilometers of tropical forest in the so-called Heart of Borneo. Environmental group WWF was particularly active in the establishment of the protect area. WWF says there are four big threats to Borneos forests land conversion, illegal logging, poor forest management, and forest fires.It adds that big industrial projects (roads, and hydroelectric projects like the Bakun dam) and hunting are also threats, but to a lesser degree. A further issue is the climate of corruption, which perme ates virtually all levels of government in Kalimantan. Forestry decisions are now make at the district level, where officials are said to be sometimes easily swayed by money. A strategically gifted motorbike can often win influence at the village level. A ingrained problem is that development in Borneo is driven by extractive industries at present there are a couple of(prenominal) economic alternatives.These industries are rarely sustainable, especially when little is invested in long-term management of resources. The causes of deforestation in Borneo are not complex the solutions are. After large-scale deforestation in the lowlands and the importation of millions of people by poorly-executed transmigration programs, there are few economic options in most of Borneo. Having lost jobs in the forestry sector, many villages are faced with having to decide whether to give up the remaining forest for oil palm or stay fresh with subsistence living.Oil palm plantations certainly offer e conomic potential, especially when they are planted on already deforested and degrade lands, but it makes little sense to establish them on increasingly scare areas of natural forest. Social safeguards are also required to ensure labour abuse and sharecropping schemes are avoided. The Roundtable on Sustainable plow Oil (RSPO) is one initiative working on equitable and sustainable palm oil production. saving is also an urgent priority in Borneo, especially in biologically diverse regions that have so far escaped the ravages of intensive logging and fires.The recent Heart of Borneo initiative is a shining exemplification of whats possible. However, it is absolutely critical that once protected areas are established, they are maintained. The history of protected areas in Kalimantan where large percentages of supposedly protected area was logged and distributed for development is disheartening, but now is the time to move beyond this and plan for a future where conserved areas are a ctually protected and sustainable use of buffer zones is maximized. - 1 . Borneo, 2012, accessed on 12/10/2012 at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Borneo 2 . Wildlife of Borneo, 2011, accessed on 12/10/2012 at http//www. mongabay. com/borneo/borneo_wildlife. hypertext markup language 3 . Borneo forest, 2011, accessed on the 16/10/12 at http//www. google. com. au/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CC8QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. wired. com%2Fnews%2Fculture%2F0%2C1284%2C62252%2C00. tml&ei=6sl_UMumLvCTiQemroFA&usg=AFQjCNE5UyM5Tg7VfoCUxhW1_RLCwwZwHg&sig2=tOBloXyugLND1LNqqDiz_A 4 . WWF, 2012, accessed on the 17/10/12 at http//wwf. panda. org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/ 5 . WWF BORNEO, 2012, accessed on the 17/10/ 2012 http//wwf. panda. org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/ 6 . WWF, 2012, accessed on the 17/10/12 at http//wwf. panda. org/what_we_do 7 . Deforestation in Borneo, 2012 , accessed on the 17/10/2012 at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Defor estation_in_Borneo

Internet Banking Essay

Therefore, since U. K. consumers retain used to browsing and shopping online, there are factors that U. K. unstable carriers should pay attention. The factors are to find and assemble with mobile art providers so that they can boost the M-Commerce traffic and thus, revenue. The potential of exacting mobile commerce in the U. K. also bases on the facts that the country has many mobile subscribers. According to International Telecommunication Union (2006), U. K. has 61 million of mobile customers as of January 2006. If 20% of the customers (15 million users) are active subscribers of M-commerce with average spending $ c per month.Therefore, the market for mobile commerce in the UK is $18 billion per year. The condition highlight that mobile commerce is attractive service that mobile service providers like Vodafone must develop by collaborating with merchants and content providers (cp) that bring in the mobile commerce applications. The development of m-commerce is also backed up by the recent development on 3G (third generation) mobile technology that gives opportunity for subscribers to have faster access to browse internet via mobile phones and conduct m-commerce transaction.British Telecom, for example, estimates that in 2002 they have about 150,000 customers of broadband services that is potential to be the active users of mobile commerce (Verdin, 2002) Recent progress and invention in mobile and wireless technologies has caused the cracking paradigm shift from desktop computers to mobile devices. Recently, it is usual to find consumers using their Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), smart phones, and notebooks that strengthen the facts that assembly line has gone mobile so that the consumers can do all things over wireless gadgets the same with doing by desktop computer (Intel, 2004).The improvement in mobile devices capability also attracts customers to buy rising phones and new customers segment that also target teenagers. This condition becomes i ssues for telecommunication companies and content providers to develop new killing applications in any event voice communication that will increase the corporate revenue. The new application is data communication that comes in many forms. Concerning data communications, this paper has discussed several issues/challenges and opportunities in UK mobile telephone industry.To be specific, the point of sermon is about the development of mobile commerce (M-Commerce) that takes advantages of increasing number of mobile users and the development of computer technology.ReferencesAmerican National Bank. (2001). Internet Banking Features & Benefits. Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http//www. americannationalbank. com/i_features. cfm Arthur D. Little Int. Gmbh. (2001). Key Success Factors for M-Commerce. Presentation for Berlecon Research

The Importance of Consent in Relation to Adult Nursing Essay

The Importance of Consent in Relation to Adult care for - Essay ExampleFrom this discussion it is clear that while adhering to bioethics of consent, nurses are required to observe the codes of conduct stipulated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Nurses are mandated to regard the care of people as their primary concern. In doing so, they must(prenominal) consider patients as being individuals, thus respecting their dignity. Nurses are also expected to involve all pertinent parties in their efforts to protect and maintain health while caring for their patients. These include positive interactions with family, doctors and the immediate community. They should also exercise high standards of professionalism concerning nursing. In addition, professional nurses are required to practise openness, honesty and integrity to support positive reputation of the nursing profession.This study highlights thatinformed consent refers to voluntary permission given by a patient or patients offic ial proxy for participation in medical examination treatment after being informed of the procedures, methods and consequences pertaining to the proposed surgical operation. Issues relating to informed consent are thus normal in the adult nursing practice where nurses frequently interact with adult patients. Adult nurses are because required to adhere to the standard procedures of informed consent while administering their services. However, cultural diversity has been identified as the core barrier in the administration of consent.

Philosophical Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

philosophical Ethics - Essay ExampleIllegal immigration is a divisive topic and it enkindle be termed as a substantive disagreement. This is because it can be studies using facts and arguments can be made establish on the research findings. In the case of abominable immigration, the numbers be clear on the minus impacts that illegal immigration has on the population. On the other hand, the research is clear on the negative of illegal immigration on the immigrants (Ferrell and John 29). In other words, the illegal immigrants suffer when the US government and citizens abbreviate them. The issue on whether illegal immigration is right or wrong is a subjective lawfulness owing to the fact that in that location is no universal truth on the issue. This is owing to the fact thither is no principle that terms the issue as being right or wrong.There atomic number 18 various reasons why one side supports illegal immigration while the other side rejects it. First, there were over 11 mil lion immigrants in America and this issue has continued to divide the opinions of the US citizens to encounter (Ferrell and John 31). Supporters of this issue claim that immigration results to increased diversity in the American population which can have numerous benefits. Americans can learn new things from the immigrants. Secondly, the high number of immigrants results to an increase in the assiduity force. This means that the industrial sector can easily access workers and which results to improved performance in the economy. In an addition to an increase in workers, immigrants provide cheaper labor since they are always to work for less. Immigrants take up the jobs that the US citizens look down upon. Some of these jobs include gardening, plumbing and babysitting. All these jobs play a frigid in the economy and lead to efficiency in the countrys operations.Supporters of immigration note that immigrants are motivated and share positive values that are in line

Write a short biography on James McGill Buchanan, an analysis of his Essay

Write a of a sudden biography on James McGill Buchanan, an analysis of his economic theories, and his contributions to the welfare of society - Essay ExampleHe was also, in 1963, at the senior most position at the Southern Economic Association abruptly after, in 1971, at the American Economic Association he served as vice president, and then for both years, 1983 and 1984, in a similar position at the Western Economic Association (James M. Buchanan).Buchanan coauthored The dragon of Consent with Gordon Tullock as one of the products of thinking cultivated by reading a German member by Knut Wicksell, a Swedish economist(DiLorenzo 180). Wicksell was of the idea that the benefits taxpayers received should be directly linked to the taxes they pay. This implied that taxes and government spending would be agreed upon and validated, as opposed to the conventional view of the 1940s and even the current view.The daybook The Calculus of Consent revised Wicksells idea, and referred to it as workable unanimity, as they thought it impractical. This in concert with The Economics of Democracy, a book by Anthony Down, gave birth to the field of common choice. Buchanan and Tullock even went on to initiate an academic journal- Public Choice. At this time, he raised dissimilarity between two levels of public choice the first being during the making of the constitution and the second being after the constitution has been implemented. He has attempted to convert his fellow economists to this line of thinking, where they should focus more on the first level sooner than on the second level as mere political players. To push this ideology farther, he produce a journal- Constitutional Economics (James M. Buchanan).Buchanan also believed that welfare economics is skewed as cost are subjective. He pointed this out in an unusually ardent economics book- Costs and Choice. This was the book that he considered most essential yet to the Nobel Committee it was The Calculus of Consent. In the book, Buchanans aim

Religious Beliefs and Government Leadership Research Paper

Religious Beliefs and Government Leadership - Research Paper archetype1-2). Although Romney (2007) cites the bring of religion in the principles of Americas founders, he also states that times has changed, and the emergence of cultural diversity in America requires leaders to maintain their objectivity when making public policy. With his speech, it is evident that Romney supports the whimsicality of Church-State separation, although he admits that his Mormon faith helped shape his values and perspectives in life. In analyzing the speech of Obama and Romney, one weed say that both leaders support the separation of Church and State affairs, in particular in their presidential set updidacy and in creating leaders policies. For instance, both leaders cite the necessity of providing state eudaemonias and programs that will benefit the majority, regardless of unearthly beliefs. Thus, although religion influences the decisions of public leaders, politicians should exercise control over their personal opinions lest their opinions violate the beliefs and rights of the majority. However, considering Romneys argument on faith as a source of ones fundamental honorable principles, one can say that religion, in one way or another, influences how leaders develop their strategies (p. 4). This conception is also evident in Obamas (2006b) argument about the phantasmal freedom through shaping ethics in social interactions (paras. 18-23). Consequently, as a governmental leader, Obama argues that leaders should take concern of their policies, curiously in the way those policies affect the relationships of the majority. Considering the two speeches, one can say that leaders cannot escape from the influence of religion in their policies, and this is because of the innate tendency of human beings to draw conclusions from our... This paper stresses that the Church-State separation may be considered one of the most challenging aspects of the society, considering that one s hould maintain objective judgment on critical socio- policy-making aspects. This is particularly true among political leaders, who have to face the challenges of leadership while aligning their values with their existing leadership policies and religious beliefs. For instance, the arguments of Obama, Romney, Cuomo, and Kenney illustrate the challenges of becoming a political leader, which is resolving a crisis while maintaining their diplomacy and religious neutrality. The author diclares that Church-State separation also regulates the power of both political and religious leaders wherein neither can advise the people on their political and religious preferences, particularly during elections. considering the potential biased portrayal of religious traditions in the current pluralistic American society, Obama states that leadership strategies should focus on generating policies that strengthen diplomacy as this ensures objectivity. Relatively, as Obama focuses on the influence of re ligion on interactions, one can say that Obamas legal opinion on his political office is merely a neutral ground wherein he can discuss policies without having to consider his religious opinions.This report makes a conclusion that Cuomo and Kennedy support the idea of isolating oneself from religious and political influence when creating public policies. Considering that legal enforceable rule on Church-State separation, one can say that presidential candidates should not be evaluated according to their religion. American citizens, regardless of religious beliefs, have the right to establish their political views without undergoing the same religious prejudice that they wish to eradicate in the society.

Time managemant strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Time managemant strategy - Essay ExampleI have placed this as a high anteriority as it allows me to participate in many activities and provide myself many necessities. My next priority is personal fitness, because it is significant for my physical and emotional health. Following these elements I place my social life. I cerebrate my social life is important as it contributes to my personal happiness and personal development. Finally, my last priority is at-home entertainment, much(prenominal) as television, reading, or watching movies.In scheduling my activities I have chosen an online calendar. I chose this regularity because I have regular access to the calendar. I am also able to check it free-and-easy and make changes in a quick and efficient way. This digital calendar is also effective as it allows me to schedule-in events that may be occurring well into the future with ease. Through this specific time management strategy thusly at the beginning of the week I will schedule in all the events and activities that I roll in the hay I am responsible for. After scheduling in these activities and events I will have a strong perspective on my workload for the week. After recognizing this specific workload I will be able to determine if thither are problem areas where I may be too contain in my time requirements. In these situations I will consider my list of priorities and reschedule my time to crack that I have adequate time for the ones highest on the list.I recognize that there may be activities I will have to limit in order to meet the requirements of my back priorities. In this way I will have to limit the amount of television I consume. oft I have watched televisions shows for extended periods of time and short-changed the effort I put into my scholastic work. Another important element I will have to limit is the amount of time I exercise. Many multiplication I prefer to exercise with friends in the pool or at the gym. While this makes the experie nce more than enjoyable I often have to

Blood Donations Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Blood Donations Paper - canvass ExampleBlood is demand regularly and in large quantities to deal with patients ranging from accident victims to leukemia patients. For example, in the unite States still 8% of the 115 million Americans who are eligible for air bribes actually come finished and donate riptide. This situation is worrisome given that each year massive expense is diverted to knowingness campaigns in order to increase the number of potential donors (American Red Cross, 2009). In recent years, the amount of volunteering required for logical argument part has been decreasing due to a number of causes resulting in pressures on the overall blood gift system. These causes and their effects are listed below in detail to aid policy formulation. 2. Causes Blood donation is a healthy activity that ought to be encouraged in all segments of population. Reasons shtup blood donation have often been the subject of research. A study conducted to gauge the dry land outs behin d providing blood and stopping blood donations comprise that there was little difference in blood donation patterns across genders. The study found that the same factors motivated and de-motivated blood donors irrespective of the gender of the blood donor. The study also found that the biggest reason for blood donations was the influence of a friend. This category of donors beed nearly half of all filed responses (47.2%). In contrast, only 23.5% of all donors indicated that they were providing a blood donation because of a request through media (Sojka & Sojka, 2008). These requests placed through the media represent all kinds of print, digital and social media in use in the current context. This indicates that the amount of donors being influenced by media outlets is low and could be improved in order to boost blood donations. another(prenominal) cause behind blood donations shortage is the lack of economic incentives coupled to donating blood. It has been found through a number o f studies that blood donors are more(prenominal) than ready to respond when they are offered some kind of economic incentive (Miller & Weikel, 1974) (Titmuss, 1971) (Sojka & Sojka, 2008). This determination has been consistently reported throughout literature on the issue as indicated from the life of the literature cited above. Another consistent finding in this respect is that blood donors tend to shift from one blood donation program to the other given the richness of the incentive being offered. In order to attract more and more blood donors it is necessary to pursue an effective advertisement campaign focused on creating more leverage for the intended blood donation program. Studies have also found that the most common reason for not becoming a regular blood donor include laziness (19.1%) followed by a fear of needles (10.5%) (Sojka & Sojka, 2008) which are both conditions that could be dealt with using a properly targeted marketing campaign. If people could be allowed to ta ke over their procrastination and their fear of being pricked by a needle, the potential increase in blood donors would be about 30% combined. Increasing the number of donors is also important given that historically existing blood donors have tended to decrease (Miller & Weikel, 1974). This has come about either due to adverse response or due to medical disqualification of existing donors. It has been estimated that 15% of all blood donors are