Sunday, May 24, 2020

Symbolism Of The River In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness

â€Å"No man ever steps into the same river twice, for its not the same river, and he’s not the same man† -Heraclitus. This quote accurately depicts the protagonist, Charles Marlow in the novella Heart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad. Heart of Darkness is read from the narration of Marlow, an ivory transporter who travels down the Congo. Throughout his journey, Marlow develops an intense interest in the famous ivory trader Kurtz, who is portrayed as a powerful, sage, and evil man. The story is based on Marlows experiences with the encounters hes faced with and his ability to be fickle based in these encounterments. In Heart of Darkness, we see Conrad use the river to symbolize movement throughout the novella. Throughout the†¦show more content†¦Kurtz, being a high end ivory trader, is very powerful and which readers don’t learn until the end is mad. After being informed the truth about Kurtz, he starts to open his eyes about reality. Marlow describ es the natives as â€Å" an implacable force brooding over an inscrutable intention. It looked at you with a vengeful aspect† (102). In this quote, Marlow is talking about the natives while passing them in the ship. He mentions their look of a sense seeming as they were used as objects instead of people.Lastly,readers see the novella come to an end when he finishes up his narration along with the story. He finishes with â€Å"the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed sombre under an overcast sky- seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness† (117). Marlow finally realized the effect the river has and anything that goes into it, will indeed have a different look on life and will never look back. In other words, Conrad uses the river to represent the movement of Marlow and the further he travels from civilization. Not only does the symbolism of movement contributes to the theme of what you dont know cant harm you but the symbol of movement emphasizes the drastic change of Marlow throughout the story. In the beginning on the novella, Marlow is an man of travel as that being his only passion since he was a young boy. When first starting to tell his story, Marlow tells hisShow MoreRelated Symbols and Symbolism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Symbolism in Heart of Darkness       Joseph Conrad played a major role in the development of the twentieth-century novel.   Many devices that Conrad applied for the first time to his novels gained wide usage in the literary period he helped to create.   Perhaps the most effective of his pioneering techniques was his application of symbolism in his novels.   In Heart of Darkness, Conrads symbolism plays a dominant role in the advancement of themes in the novel.   These themes are revealedRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad And The Portrayal Of Women1679 Words   |  7 PagesLucia Zhu Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and the Portrayal of Women Joseph Conrad’s novella Heart of Darkness is an adventure tale about the narrator’s journey through the mysterious Congo River. Marlow, the narrator, becomes a sea captain as he travels the world in a steamboat. His journey starts from the Thames River in England to deep in the Congo River of Africa. Marlow’s mission is to locate and retrieve Europe’s best agent–Mr. Kurtz. As the search for Kurtz proves to be both horrifyingRead MoreEssay Symbolism In Heart Of Darkness1077 Words   |  5 Pages Submitting to Symbolism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Every great author posses the ability to create a novel deeply woven in symbolism and subliminal messages. Underneath the literal journey encountered in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness lies a tale saturated with subtle, yet, significant imagery that brings forth the true meaning of the novella. Throughout Heart of Darkness Conrad uses a plethora of simple colors, objects, and places to convey multifaceted images and ideas. His fine executionRead More Symbols and Symbolism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay789 Words   |  4 Pages Symbols and Symbolism in Conrads Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Symbolism has long been a tool of the storyteller, finding its origins in the folklore of our earliest civilizations. In more recent years, however, symbolism has taken on a new role, forming the skeleton upon which the storyteller builds the tales of his or hers thoughts and adventures. Knowing the power of this element, Joseph Conrad uses symbols to help the reader explore dark interiors of men. The symbolsRead More The Style, Technique, and Structure of Conrads Heart of Darkness2805 Words   |  12 PagesStructure of Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is proof that a novel does not have to be long to have literary merit. Heart of Darkness is quite short, yet intriguing, due to the content of the novel. Much like Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Heart of Darkness overwhelms the reader by the power of the story so that one will never feel quite satisfied with their attempts to intellectualize the experience (Adelman 8).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Heart of Darkness was writtenRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pagesin depth review of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European imperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness is an exceptionallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1164 Words   |  5 PagesAs Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness eludes to the inverse interpretation of colors as a motif, Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now not only mimics but also portrays through the Vietnam War, the contrasting misguided crusades of enlightenment that the supreme race forces upon savages. The reversed meanings amongst the colors and entangled description in Heart of Darkness shows how backwards civilization is through the need to enlighten or civilize the natives is flamboyantly flaunted in both theRead MoreImagery, Symbolism and Motif in Heart of Darkness1053 Words   |  5 PagesIn this extract taken from the Novella, Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad explores many elements. Conrad uses a framing narrative; Marlow’s narrative is framed by another narrative, in which the reader listens to Marlow’s story told through one of those listenin g. The narrator remains unnamed as do the other listeners. The narration is told in the first-person plural, letting the reader know what each of the four listeners are thinking and feeling. It could be interpreted that the anonymity of theRead More journeyhod Journey into Hell in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness953 Words   |  4 PagesThe Journey into Hell in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚   In Joseph Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness the environment is often symbolic as well as literal. The novel contains both the frame narrator, an anonymous member of the Nellie, representing the dominant society, and more importantly the primary narrator, Marlow, who too, is a product of the dominant society. For the novels narrator, Marlow, the journey up the Congo River to the heart of darkness is reminiscent of Guidos journey into hellRead MoreHeart of Darkness1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe immortality and blindness to a dark continent Joseph Conrad’s s novel â€Å"Heart of Darkness† portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness†, (Conrad 2180) as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life. Conrad lived through a time when European colonies were scattered all over the world. This phenomenon

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Clinical Psychology Mental Illness, Emotional, And...

Clinical Psychology is a branch of psychology that work with treating mental illness, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Psychologists work with patients that have disabilities such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders and substance abuse. However, clinical psychology roles are well-suited to individuals with a strong work ethic who are able to show empathy while also being very oriented to solving problems. A Christian who is a clinical psychologist must choose whether to treat a patient according to the ways that a non-Christian does or the way a Christian psychologist does. Clinical psychology continues to be the largest specialty area within psychology around the world. â€Å"In US there is more clinical psychologist than any other†¦show more content†¦Psychologist however will try to treat the client by giving them treatment that could possibly harm the client. For psychologists keeping their job is important. They will go the extra mile to find out what illegal information the client is keeping secret. There are two Bible verse that talk about the truth: â€Å"You shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free† (John 8:32). The other verse is, â€Å"I am the way, the truth and the life† (John 14:6). God is the source of truth that shows us the right way in any situation that we are facing. When a client has information that is illegal it is important to psychologist, because they could lose their job over something that the client has given them. However, psychologists need to be integrated in both world perspectives on what â€Å"the good life† can be (Scott, Ann 2013). Psychologists deal with difficult situations in order to help a client to understand their problem. Clinical Psychologists face situations such as confidentiality with their patients. One situation that a therapist will go through is being careful of not discussing other client information with people. Christian and non-Christian therapists might handle this situation the same because it does not matter if you are Christian or non-Christian psychologist, you still need to keep client information safe. According to Jeffrey, â€Å"the limits of confidentiality is based on the behavior in question and the age of the patient†. This means thatShow MoreRelatedPsychology : The Human Behavior And Mental Processes Through Laboratory Experiments, And Psychotherapy990 Words   |  4 Pagespeople and professions, which form issues of how work together and live with one another. In these situations, psychology serves its purpose by creating answers to these questions. The field of psychology helps create an understanding of these problems, which increases the possibility of treatment. These careers in psychology fall into three main categories of practice: psychologist, clinical psychologist and psychiatrists. Each of these categories differs in the scope of practice and number of yearsRead MoreCh. 15-16 Assignment: an In troduction to the History of Psychology, 6th Ed. by Hergenhahn1711 Words   |  7 PagesCh. 15-16 Assignment: An introduction to the history of psychology, 6th ed. by Hergenhahn By Richard Thripp for Prof. John Beltran, PSY 4604 sec. 0W58, Univ. of Central Fla., Sp. 2013 2013 April 11 Ch. 15: 1. What is mental illness? In your answer, include the criteria that have been used throughout history to define mental illness. Mental illness is a condition characterized by emotions, thoughts, or behavior that are substantially abnormal for a given time and place in history (p. 514)Read MoreThe Psychology Of Clinical Psychology929 Words   |  4 PagesClinical psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on and diagnoses mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders. A clinical psychologist may specialise in certain disorders, including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and bipolar disorders. He or she may also provide counseling services to people who are struggling with divorces, relationship and emotional problems. Clinical psychological services include procedures to understand, predict, and relieve any forms ofRead MoreApplication of Clinical Pychology1243 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of Clinical Pychology PSY/480 Application of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychologist are often treating people with mental illness and patients who suffer from severe psychiatric disorders. Clinical psychologist are involved with helping people with abnormal behavior and who may be suffering from psychological distress. Patients are often individualized by psychological, biological and social factors of their case. Clinical psychologist work very close with their patients toRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Therapy1729 Words   |  7 PagesAbnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper (NAME HERE) PSY 300 July 2, 2010 Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Upon researching what the word psychology means many definitions may be found. However, once all those definitions have been deciphered you will find that psychology is the study of an individual’s mental and emotional state and thought processes. The intention of therapy within psychology is to diagnose, treat, and in time help individuals improve from whatever psychological infirmityRead MoreApplication to Clinical Psychology Paper1745 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Clinical Psychology Patricia Davis, Kimberly Jewell, Jeffrey Kelley, Demetria Mary Mays Peppers PSY/480 July 23, 2012 Dr. Christa Banton Introduction ~ Deme Science with all its marvels and wonders continues to press forward making extraordinary breakthroughs. Psychology plays a key role in many of sciences steps forward, each branch of psychology focusing on a specific techniques and theories. In the document the center of attention is surroundingRead MoreWhat is Psychology?925 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1929, psychology was defined as the study of consciousness. From about 1930 to1970, the definition of psychology changed with dealing more with the scientific study of behavior. From about 1970 on, psychology was defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. However, according to nowadays definition of psychology, it could be defined as the study of the behavior and human mind. Factors which influencing our behavior include physical, emotions, thoughts and social. It can helpRead MoreEssay about Examination of Clinical Psychology1197 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: EXAMINATION OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Examination of Clinical Psychology University of Phoenix PST/480 Karen Wilson Nov 14, 2011 Examination of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology is a very important as well as popular part of the field of psychology that is used very often. To begin, a definition of clinical psychology will be included. According to APA (2009) â€Å"Clinical psychology attempts to use the principles of psychology to better understand, predictRead More Classification: Help For Mental Disorders Essay498 Words   |  2 Pagesdifferent things that are the cause of mental disorders. Alcoholism, brain tumors, strokes, and damage to the brain are a few causes of mental disorders. Mental disorders can also result from birth. There are many health care services for mental disorders. Three occupations that help the symptoms of mental health are psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist. Each of these occupations, psychiatrist, neurologist, and a clinical psychologist, treat mental health symptoms differently, have differentRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Iv Classification System872 Words   |  4 PagesDSM-I V Model Teresa Allen Western International University Abnormal Psychology BEH-440-3281Your Course Number Mollie Surgine December 18, 2017 DSM-IV Model In regarding the mental and physical aspects of classification systems, the DSM is the classification system designed by the American Psychiatric Association to diagnose patients through a number of criteria’s, reviews, and research in order to treat mental and physical illness. To diagnose and produce treatment for both clients and patients

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Analysis Edward Taylors Upon Wedlock, and Death of...

Edward Taylor’s Upon Wedlock, and Death of Children and Upon a Wasp Chilled with Cold are similar in their approach with the illustration of how beautiful and magnificent God’s creations are to humankind. However, each poem presents tragic misfortune, such as the death of his own children in Upon Wedlock, and Death of Children and the cold, enigmatic nature of human soul in Upon a Wasp Chilled with Cold. Taylor’s poems create an element of how cruel reality can be, as well as manifest an errant correlation between earthly life and spiritual salvation, which is how you react to the problems you face on earth determines the salvation that God has in store for you. In Upon Wedlock, and Death of Children, Taylor uses personification and†¦show more content†¦In turn, Edward Taylor’s ability to maintain strength and happiness, despite enduring gloomy times caused by tragic death, results in the spiritual salvation God embellishes amongst Taylor by allow ing Taylor’s other children to live to maturity. In Upon a Wasp Chilled with Cold, Edward Taylor uses a ‘wasp’ to illustrate the body of a woman. This wasp endures a â€Å"Bear that breathes a Northern blast† (Taylor l. 1), and the ‘Northern blast’ is a representation of the attitude that one possesses without the amicable love of God. The wasp â€Å"out extends/Unto the Sun, in great desire/To warm her digits at the fire.† (Taylor ll. 8-10), meaning the wasp wants to be embraced by the grace and salvation of God himself. The wasp eventually receives enough of the warm embrace of the Sun (in this case, the love and salvation of God), and is able to maneuver and fly home in a gleeful manner, all thanks to the glory of God. An argument could be made that the wasp using the Sun to warm itself up is similar in comparison to how human beings want to be under the warm embraces of God as well, especially in times of sadness, despair, or in times of when they have wrongfully sinned and need guidance from God. Near the end of the poem, Edward Taylor is putting himself in the same shoes as the wasp. Similar to the wasp, he too, is asking to be warmed by God’s salvation and grace while on the earthly life of humanity until it is his time to pass and meet God in Heaven. Near the

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

BR Richardson Timber Products Corporation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the BR Richardson Timber Products. Answer: Introduction BR Richardson Timber Products Corporation is a family held corporation which comprised of four different and small companies which can be considered to be different divisions. Three of the organisations businesses were situated in Papoose itself. The company had their logging operations division, a lumber mill and a laminating plant at Papoose and they had a mill in Eastern Oregon. Richard Bowman was in charge of Industrial Relations at BR Richardson Timber Products Corporation and was calling Jack Lawler on behalf of the organisation. Jack Lawler had made quite a reputation for himself the fields ofmanagement training and consulting and this was the main reason why Bowman availed the services of Lawler to address the issues faced by his organisation. Bowman was looking forward to conduct a motivation course for their blue collared staffs at the lamination plant and he considered Lawler to be the most appropriate person who was going to conduct themanagement training. Scope Employee morals at the lamination plant was very low and there had been very a recent fatality at the organisational premises which had further had a negative impact on the motivation and commitment levels of the employee leading to lower levels of productivity within the organisation. Considering the gravity of the problems, Bowman wanted Lawman to conduct themanagement training course within the next few months so that the present situation at the lamination plant could improve drastically and thereby help the organisation to sustain their business operations in a normal and smooth manner (Dunlap, 2010). Bowler had total faith in the abilities of Lawman and he had obtained approval from the founder and president of the organisation Mr. B.R. Richardson himself. This motivational training would go a long way in helping the organisation to restore normalcy at the workplace by enabling the staffs to become more committed and accountable at the job roles and responsibilities. The manage ment training would help themanagement of BR Richardson Timber Products Corporation to develop cordial relationship with their employees wherein they would be able to understand and satisfy the interests of their employees in an effective manner. Objectives The objectives of the management training are as follows: 1) Understanding the issues and events which are bringing down the motivation and commitment levels of the employees. 2) Identifying the different approaches and interventions which could be utilised for solving the issues and problems faced by the organisation. 3) Implementing a suitable intervention which is most appropriate from the context of the organisation and which would enable the organisation to resolve their issues. 4) Undertaking the actions necessary to ensure the successful implementation of the aforesaid intervention. Discussions The management training session would play a vital role in helping the organisation to restore normalcy within their business and this would enable the organisation to increase their daily business productivity in the market. Identifying the present problems that are being witnessed at B.R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation and analysing their impact on different aspects of the business B.R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation are facing various types of problems in their business which has invariably brought down their business productivity in the market. There is clear evidence of the apathy of the organisational management towards the safety and well being of the employees who are working at the organisation. The organisation has become an unsafe place for their employees due to the lack of strict safety guidelines and protocols. The plant is littered with sawdust, glue drippings and the employees working at the plant are subjected to constant noise from the planer, saws, conveyors and hoists (Chandrasekar, 2011). Moreover, the aisles are also filled up with different types of tools and piles which might cause injury to a person if they do not tread with caution inside the plant. There has also been an incidence of a recent fatality at one of the manufacturing plants which caused a lot of discontentment among the employees. This further showcases the utter dis regarding for implementing strict safety guidelines that would help in ensuring the safety and well being of the employees (Christian et al., 2009). Human resources is another issue which needs to be properly addressed within the organisation. From the interview with Juanita, it became evident to Lawyer that Ben Richardson was very authoritarian in his leadership style and he did not care to consult with his employees and staffs while taking business decisions within the organisation. This authoritarian style of leadership has essentially distanced Ben from his employees as he was unable to understand the needs and expectations of their staffs and was totally focused on maximising the business productivity of the organisation (Tangirala Ramanujam, 2008). The employees have lost their trust on the management and this is why they do not have any commitment and dedication at the workplace. The organisation is also grappling with structural issue which has further increased the inconvenience of their staffs. The plant design has not been carried out in an effective manner. The lunchroom for the staffs is housed above the offices of the manger, supervisor and the secretary and the office for the scheduler is also situated over there. The organisations head office is around 50 yards away in one direction whereas the mill is situated approximately the same distance in an altogether different direction. This reduces the working time for the employees and creates further confusion among the workers as there is no one to provide their guidance and expertise to the workers when they face challenges at the workplace (Zhang Bartol, 2010). Technology is another important issue which is being faced by the organisation. The majority of the machines which are being used by the organisation are old and outdated. Most of the work which is being done at the plant involved manual production and assembling of timber products which involves a lot of noise from the saws, conveyors and planers. This clearly shows an insufficient assembly line production process which could not help them to optimise their business productivity (Ronagel, 2017). The organisation has also had to undergo cost escalation which has brought down their revenues and profits in the market. Many employees have to work overtime in order to maintain the daily productivity levels within the organisation and thus they would have to be paid with overtime payment which is costing additional expenses for the organisation. Work scheduling is not carried out in an effective manner and this is another reason for the low productivity and increased business expenses for the organisation (Miner, 2015). Lack of employee commitment due to low employee morale is another vital factor that is threatening the normal business productivity of the organisation. The low employee morale is contributing to rising discontentment among the employees over the management and bringing down the performance and productivity of the workers at the workers at the workplace (Albrech, 2011). The workers do not feel a sense of urgency at the workplace and this is the main reason why the productivity at the lamination plant has dropped by almost 50% as compared to previous year. Understanding the interventions that are available to B.R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation for resolving the issues that they are presently encountering in their business There are various interventions which could be utilised by B.R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation for tackling and resolving the issues which they are presently encountering in their business. Some of them are Open System and Open System frameworks, Organisational Learning and Managerial Grid. Open System and Open System frameworks - The open system is a system which has interactions with the external environment. This interaction can be in the form of information, technical expertise, financial advice or guidance which invariably takes place out of the system boundary that is defining the system. Implementing the open system frameworks would enable B.R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation to develop a systematic approach towards their business which would allow them to exchange information and collaborate with the other business establishments (Rasmussen et al., 2011). The open system framework considers the different processes and systems within an organisation to be an organic and process oriented system that responds to the stimuli received from the organisational culture and the market environment. This eventually enables an organisation to adapt to the changes taking place in the business environment in an effective manner by incorporating the necessary changes wi thin their organisational structure and business operations (Scott Davis, 2015). Organisational Learning The organisational learning is considered to be the process which deals with the creation, retention and transfer of knowledge within the different departments of an organisation. This helps an organisation to enhance the skills and competencies of their employees by enabling the more experienced and tenured employees to share their knowledge and expertise with the new and lesser experienced ones. This eventually helps in increasing the performance and business productivity of an organisation by ensuring highly proficient and competent employees within their ranks (Chiva et al., 2007). Managerial Grid The managerial grid is a leadership style model which was developed in 1964 by Robert R. Blake and Jane Mouton. In this model, the developers initially identified five different styles of leadership based on their importance on people and importance on production (Gregoire Arendt, 2014). There are five styles of leadership in this managerial grid and they include the following: 1) the impoverished style of leadership (where mangers have low concern for both people and production), 2) the country club style of leadership (where there more emphasis is given to people as compared to the production), 3) the produce or perish style of leadership (which aims to control and dominate the employees by emphasising on the production), 4) the team style of leadership (which provides a high amount of importance to both the employees as well as production by motivating people to contribute and commit themselves to their work), and 5) the middle of the road style of leadership (which helps in maintaining the status quo by balancing the business goals and the workers needs). This managerial grid would enable an organisation to identify the most suitable style of leadership from their organisational context and this would enable them to foster better motivation and commitment among their staffs (Zeidan, 2009). Selecting one intervention and explaining why that is the most suited from the organisational context The most appropriate intervention in case of B.R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation would be the adoption of open system structure within their business. This would allow the organisation to monitor the external market environment in an effective manner and they would be able to adapt to the changes taking place in their external environment. The environment of an organisation consists of general environment, task environment and enacted environment (Scott Davis, 2015). The general environment includes all the external forces which could impact an organization and includes political, economic, legal, technological, social and ecological components. The task environment deals with the suppliers, buyers, business rivals, the new entrants in market and the threat of substitute products. The enacted environment deals with the managerial perceptions and perceptions about the market environment (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). By implementing the open systems framework within their business, B.R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation would be able to assess how the organisation is responding to the external environment and set up the business goals and objectives in a desired manner. This would allow the organisation to take part in trans-organisational development wherein they would be able to develop and foster strategic collaborations with other business establishments in the market. They would be able to perform more complex tasks and find effective solutions to more challenging problems that are being faced by them in their business (Rasmussen et al., 2011). Discussing the action plan for implementing the recommended strategy successfully The management at B.R. Richardson Timber Products Corporation must start with assessing their external environment as this would help them to understand how their organisation is responding to the external environment. The management will be able to identify the core visions and mission of the organization and this would go a long way in helping the management to create a realistic future scenario of environmental expectations and organisational responses. This would eventually help the organisation to develop and design an ideal future scenario which would provide suitable organisational responses for the changes taking place in the external environment (Scott Davis, 2015). The organisation needs to compare their present business functioning with those that will be taking place in the near future and this would assist them in creating an action plan that would help them to reduce the discrepancy in their business. While implementing the open systems framework, the management needs to share a common view of the external environment and they must allocate sufficient time and resources to assess and understand their external environment (Holman et al., 2007). The need to document all the stapes of the Open Systems Framework implementation and this would allow them to deal with key parts of the environment in an effective manner. Finally the organisation must view planning as a process and they should never consider it to be an outcome. Conclusion This assignment has played a very important role in helping to understand the importance of organisational change management theories which can help an organisation to tackle the complex challenges and issues that are being faced by them in their business. This has played a very important role in enhancing our knowledge and understanding of organisational change management theories which would indeed help us in our future careers (Holman et al., 2007). References Tangirala, S., Ramanujam, R. (2008). Employee silence on critical work issues: The cross level effects of procedural justice climate.Personnel Psychology,61(1), 37-68. Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,29(2), 147-154. Albrech, S. L. (2011). Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice.Human Resource Management International Digest,19(7). Chandrasekar, K. (2011). Workplace environment and its impact on organisational performance in public sector organisations.International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems,1(1), 1-19. Chang, S. C., Lee, M. S. (2007). A study on relationship among leadership, organizational culture, the operation of learning organization and employees' job satisfaction.The learning organization,14(2), 155-185. Chew, J., Chan, C. C. (2008). Human resource practices, organizational commitment and intention to stay.International journal of manpower,29(6), 503-522. Ronagel, C. S. (2017). Leadership and Motivation. InLeadership Today(pp. 217-228). Springer International Publishing. Zhang, X., Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement.Academy of management journal,53(1), 107-128. Kark, R., Van Dijk, D. (2007). 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The Blake Mouton Managerial Grid.The Certified Accountant,39, 82-85. Gregoire, M. B., Arendt, S. W. (2014). Leadership: Reflections over the past 100 years.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,114(5), S10-S19.